Footnote # 1

J.H. Pollen, "Society of Jesus," Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIV (New York: Robert Appleton, 1912); on-line edition K. Knight, 2003; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14081a.htm

Footnote # 2

J.H. Pollen, "Society of Jesus," Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIV (New York: Robert Appleton, 1912); on-line edition K. Knight, 2003; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14081a.htm

Footnote # 3

J.H. Pollen, "Society of Jesus," Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIV (New York: Robert Appleton, 1912); on-line edition K. Knight, 2003; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14081a.htm

Footnote # 4

Dean R. Snow, The Iroquois (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 1994), page 86.

Footnote # 5

"Letter from the Reverend Father Jacques Bruyas, January 21st, 1668," in The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 51:123.

Footnote # 6

All quotations in this paragraph are from "Letter from the Reverend Father Jacques Bruyas, January 21st, 1668," in The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 51:126.

Footnote # 7

"In periculo mortis" means "in danger of death"

"Letter from the Reverend Father Jacques Bruyas, January 21st, 1668," in The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 51:131.

Footnote # 8

"Letter from the Reverend Father Jacques Bruyas, January 21st, 1668," in The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 51:135.

Footnote # 9

The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 57:83.

Footnote # 10

The French called them Agnié or Agniehronnons. The last was a Huron cognate for 'People of the Place of Crystals.'

Dean R. Snow, The Iroquois (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 1994), page 86.

Footnote # 11

"Letter written from Tionnontoguen by Father Bruyas, Jesuit, June 12, 1673, addressed to Monseigneur the Governor" in The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 57:24.

Footnote # 12

Both quotations in this paragraph from Jean de Lamberville and Claude Deblon, "Relation of 1672-1673," in The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 57:108.

Footnote # 13

The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 59:236.

Footnote # 14

The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 61:66.

Footnote # 15

By "collar," Bruyas is referring to a woven strip of wampum, commonly known in English as a wampum belt; the French usually called them collars or necklaces.

The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites (Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896-1901), 64:56-61.

Footnote # 16

From the Great Peace treaty document. See a reproduction of the document and a full translation by choosing it from the Artifacts menu. By "necklaces," Callière means a woven strip of wampum, commonly known in English as a wampum belt; the French usually called them collars or necklaces.

Footnote # 17

"Corlaer" was what the Iroquois called the governor of New York, after Arent Van Curler, the Dutch leader with whom they had negotiated in the 1650s. The Iroquois were following their tradition in which the name of a chief is like a title; it is inherited by each generation in a requickening ceremony when a new chief is appointed.

The Livingston Indian Records, as quoted in Daniel K. Richter, The Ordeal of the Longhouse (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1992), page 204.

Footnote # 18

From the Great Peace treaty document. See a reproduction of the document and a full translation by choosing it from the Artifacts menu. By "necklaces," Bruyas means a woven strip of wampum, commonly known in English as a wampum belt; the French usually called them collars or necklaces.

Further Reading

Beaulieu, Alain and Roland Viau. The Great Peace: Chronicle of a Diplomatic Saga. Montreal, Quebec: Editions Libre Expression, 2001.

Havard, Gilles. The Great Peace of Montreal of 1701. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001.

Richter, Daniel K. The Ordeal of the Longhouse: The Peoples of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.

Thwaites, Reuben Gold. The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents. Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers Company, 1896.

Online Jesuit Relations - http://puffin.creighton.edu/jesuit/relations/
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