Footnote # 1

Basil Davidson, The African Slave Trade (Boston: Little, Brown & Company), p. 106.

Footnote # 2

William D. Pierson, Black Yankees (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press), p. 3.

Footnote # 3

William D. Pierson, Black Yankees (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press), p. 166.

Footnote # 4

General Assembly of Rhode Island in 1708, quoted in William D. Pierson, Black Yankees (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988), p. 4.

Footnote # 5

Reverend John Williams, The Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion (Northampton, MA: Hopkins, Bridgman and Company, 1853), p. 14.

Footnote # 6

Evan Haefeli and Kevin Sweeney, Captors and Captives: The 1704 French and Indian Raid on Deerfield (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003), page 126.

Further Reading

Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.

Davidson, Basil. The African Slave Trade. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 1980.

Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The Classic Slave Narratives. New York: Penguin Putnam, 2002.

Greene, Lorenzo Johnston. The Negro in Colonial New England. New York: Atheneum, 1971.

Jones, Constance. Africa 1500-1900. New York: Facts on File, 1993.

Martin, Phyllis M. and Patrick O'Meara. Africa. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1977.

Piersen,William D. Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth Century New England. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1988.