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Housing:
a. The structure is made of wooden poles and bark.
b. They harvested the wood from the surrounding landscape.
c. Land was cleared; trees were cut down.
d.Once the house is gone, probably nothing will remain and
the site will eventually be covered with trees again. It is
interesting to note that although nothing would be visible
above ground, archeologists can tell where underground storage
pits, post-holes, refuse and fire pits were.
Land Use:
a. Land use includes growing crops, burning woods for clearing
land and encouraging new growth, traveling on the river, building
homes, creating trails, hunting, fishing and foraging.
b. The land has been altered by clearing the woods and cutting
down trees, building homes, creating trails, and planting
crops.
c. These people do not stay in one location year-round. They
travel seasonally to fish, garden and hunt, setting up temporary
homes in different areas.
d.The Wobanakiak believed that the land, humans, and other
animals were part of the same spirit. They believed that all
beings had a close relationship with this spirit. Because
of this, they thought that all living things (including plants
and animals) should cooperate and share their resources. In
their decisions about the land and work upon it, they kept
their communal relationship in mind and treated non-humans
with the respect due to relatives and ancestors.
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a. This is a good site for a home because there is
water for travel and drinking, flat land for crops and building
homes, plenty of woods for hunting, and ,lumber for construction
and firewood.
b. The homes are not all located in the same area.
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Housing:
a. The structure is made of wood, glass, metal, stone, and
brick.
b. These people harvested the wood and stone from the surrounding
landscape, imported the glass, made the bricks, and made the
metal parts.
c. Land was cleared, trees were cut down, a sawmill was built
to make boards, a dam was made for the sawmill, and a cellar
hole was dug.
d. Once the house is gone, the cellar hole will remain and
sections of the foundation and chimney. There might be bits
of metal and glass in the soil. Archeologists would be able
to find evidence of where chimneys and cellar holes were and
pieces of glass, metal, ceramics, etc. underground as well.
Land Use:
a. Land use includes growing crops, building homes, creating
roads, establishing fields for animals, and constructing fences.
b. The land has been altered by clearing the woods and cutting
down trees,building homes, creating roads, planting crops,
and fencing.
c. These people stay in one location year-round. Most of what
they need is in one spot; they don’t rely heavily upon hunting,
and it is safer to stay put.
d. The English believed that vacant, unused land was free
for anyone to use and it was their God-given duty to improve
it. They did not often see the ways in which Native peoples
were using the land or improving upon it, and thus saw nothing
wrong with claiming for Great Britain, land that appeared
to be vacant. Improvement included building homes and roads
and establishing fields and pastures. Because they believed
in individual ownership of land, they built fences.
- No answer required.
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a. This is a good site for a home because there is
water for travel and drinking, flat land for crops and building
homes, plenty of woods for hunting, and lumber for construction
and firewood.
b. All of the homes are located in one area.
- The English and Pocumtuck probably would not have gotten along well living in the same area because the Pocumtuck liked to periodically change the locations of their homes and fields. They also wanted to travel across the land whenever and wherever they chose. They English did not want people trespassing on what they thought was their land. They also did not want the Pocumtuck to build homes or establish gardens on what they considered to be English land. The English did not understand Pocumtuck beliefs nor their way of life.
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a. Chauk sold the land to John Pynchon, Eleazer Lusher
and Daniel Fisher.
b. Chauk and his people reserved the rights to continue to fish,
hunt and gather nuts.
c. The English would defend their new land "from any molestation
or Incumbrance from Indians otherwise than as before reserved."
- The Pocumtuck probably thought that they were sharing the land with the English. They may not have understood that by selling the land, the English would exclusively own and control its use. Chauk might not have understood that only he and his people were awarded hunting, gathering and fishing rights. Other Native people traveling through the area might not have this right.
- The English probably wanted to control Native use of their land. They were willing to let Chauk and his people use the land but not others, whom they didn't know, and they didn’t want to encourage Native use of what they thought was their land.
- The problems were that Chauk might not have been authorized by his people to act alone, and he might not have meant to sell the land; he might have thought he was granting land-use rights, not ownership.
- The English constructed fences. This made it harder for the Pocumtuck to travel freely wherever they wished. The English kept livestock and although they fenced them out of certain areas, they did not fence them in. This meant the livestock were free to roam and could have access to Pocumtuck crops. The Pocumtuck spread their homes across the landscape and changed their location once every few years. The English did not do this and did not want the Pocumtuck on their land. Overall, with the English constructing permanent buildings, fences and roads, the Pocumtuck's access to game was greatly limited.
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